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    Lyn Chimera is a Master Gardener, consultant and lecturer.

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The Stately Hemlock

11/24/2020

 

By Lyn Chimera
Our native eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is my favorite native conifer. We are lucky to have some mature and younger ones on our property. Its graceful beauty, adaptability, and tenacity at being able to hold itself onto ravine walls is a source of wonder. In my mind there is nothing more picturesque in the winter than hemlock with snow on its branches. A true photo op. The fact that the needles stay dark green all year adds to their beauty. Dr. Donald Leopold, author of Native Plants of the Northeast says,” There is no more graceful looking tree at any age in Eastern North America.”

Hemlocks have a wide growing light range tolerating from sun to shade. They prefer acid soil that is slightly moist. In nature they often grow along woodland streams or in large stands of moist woods. On a hot summer day, it is noticeably cooler when you enter a hemlock wood. We are lucky to live where there are many such places. The Adirondacks is noted for its hemlock forests.
​
This is not a small tree. It can attain a height of 60-80 feet sometimes reaching 100 feet high. Their width is 25 to 40 feet. Hemlock needles are quite small, 1⁄4 to 1⁄2 inch. They are deep green on top and underneath are lighter green with 2 parallel silver/white bands. For such a huge conifer their cones are very small, 3⁄4 of an inch long, and egg shaped. The cones look like small ornaments dangling down from the branches.

They make a great addition to a winter door swag. They are slow growing but long lived, reaching maturity in 250 – 300 years! One of the adaptable qualities of the hemlock is they can be a free-standing specimen tree or planted in a
group for a green wall effect. They even take to pruning well and develop into beautiful hedges. This, however, requires continual maintenance but is well worth it.

The common name "hemlock" was reportedly given because the crushed foliage smells a little like that of
the poisonous herb hemlock, which is native to Europe. The root system of this species is shallow, making the tree vulnerable to ground fires, drought, and wind.

As with many trees, the bark of Eastern Hemlocks changes as the tree matures. When the tree is young, the bark is gray-brown and relatively smooth. As the tree ages, the bark becomes cinnamon brown, with thick, ridges forming flat plates, very easily identified.

The bark of Eastern Hemlock was once a commercial source of tannin, used in the production of leather. At present, the Eastern Hemlock has more limited commercial uses than some other conifers in the region. The characteristics of hemlock wood limit its use to relatively low-grade products, such as structural lumber, pulpwood, and pallets. The bark is currently in demand today, but for landscaping mulch. The Eastern Hemlock makes a poor Christmas tree since its needles fall upon drying and the
branches are soft and pliable. Its value as firewood is limited by the fact that the wood throws sparks.

However, the eastern hemlock has a huge role in supporting the ecosystem. Its branches offer shelter and
nesting sites for many bird species. The seeds from its cones provide food for birds and small mammals.

Unfortunately, there is an invasive pest, the hemlock wooly adelgid (HWA), related to aphids, that is decimating native hemlocks throughout the eastern US. It doesn’t survive in winter temperatures below 0 degrees, so our cold weather has helped prevent it from being widespread here. However, now that we are experiencing warmer winters, we are seeing the adelgid in WNY and the Adirondacks. This could be an environmental disaster. Oddly, the HWA is most visible in winter when the HWA covers itself with a waxy white coating that is easily visible on the underside of the branches where the needles contact the branches. If you have hemlocks be sure to keep an eye out for these bugs during the winter.

For more 
information go to:
http://ulster.cce.cornell.edu/environment/invasive-pests/hemlock-woolly-adelgid



Picture
​A gift certificate for plants or a Garden Consult makes a GREAT holiday gift. Just contact us.
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November Gardening Tips

11/1/2020

 

​Dear Gardening Friends,

If it makes you feel any better, I am a long way from having fall garden chores done. Mother Nature just isn’t cooperating. It’s been either too cold or too wet to get much done and I’m not a particularly wimpy gardener. It seemed like when there was a nice day, I was busy with something else. Oh well, whatever doesn’t get done can wait till spring.

There are many perennials that are still looking good and even a few annuals. Even so, there are a few things that should be done before winter.

If you have problems with deer, rabbits or other critters now is the time to put up defenses.   

-       The trunks of young trees can be wrapped with trunk wraps to protect them from the nibbling of mice and rabbits and rubbing of deer.  You can also use chicken wire cages or hardware wire. Be sure the protection goes high enough so critters don't sit on top of the snow to browse and spread chicken wire over the ground about a foot around the plant so they can’t dig under it.

-          If deer are an issue, heavy duty deer mesh works well. For shrubs like taxis and arbs you can just wrap the shrub in the netting or burlap. For other shrubs use stakes to attach the mesh and form a protective circle around the shrub. Remember to make the barrier high enough. Deer can stand on their hind legs to eat.

-          Shrub coats and burlap tents are good for protecting from wind damage as well as deer. Basically, you are fortifying your yard for the winter!

If you have any products in an unheated garage like deer spray, Neem oil, liquid fertilizer or anything that would be exposed to freezing temps move them to the basement or other location where they will not freeze. Freezing ruins the effectiveness of some products.

Hoses should be emptied and brought into the garage or basement. Leaving them outside to freeze can cause sections to burst and leak. A handy way to store them is to coil the hose up and tie with twine in 2 places. That prevents the hose from getting all tangled and you can stack or hang them easily. This is easier to do on a warmer day as the hose won’t be as stiff to coil. If it is sunny lay the hose in the sun for a while and it will be more pliable.

Tools should also not be left outside. Clean off tools before you store them as any dirt left on over the winter will cause them to rust or corrode. You can sharpen them now or in the winter when you’re dreaming of spring.

Check stored firewood for insect infestations. Remember not to use or move firewood out of your area to help prevent the spread of invasive insects like the Emerald Ash Borer. It’s illegal to move firewood more than 50 miles in NYS.

If you have a rain barrel, drain it before freezing sets in. A good idea to use the water that’s left is to syphon the water out and use it to water house plants during the winter. I attach a hose to the faucet on the rain barrel and run it from the rain barrel into 2 large, covered garbage totes in the basement. Gravity does the work for you and your houseplants will thank you.

Gifts for gardeners:
Lessons from Nature offers gift certificates for Garden Consults or perennials. They are the perfect gift for any gardener. Just contact me for details. I can send the gift certificates to you via email or directly to the person you’re giving it to.


Have a safe and HEALTHY winter!!
Lyn Chimera
Lessons from Nature
170 Pine St.
E. Aurora, NY 14052
lyn@lessonsfromnature.biz
652-2432

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